Which scenario exemplifies structural mobility?

Structural mobility refers to changes in the social structure that affect the social status of a group or individuals, often due to factors beyond individual control, such as economic shifts or changes in societal norms. In this context, when a recession occurs, it can lead to widespread job losses which alter the economic landscape and social mobility for many individuals within that community. This situation illustrates how external systemic factors can create a shift in the opportunities available to individuals, thus impacting their social standing collectively.

In contrast, the other scenarios more closely align with individual mobility, which involves personal factors such as skills, effort, or social connections leading to changes in an individual’s status. Career advancement due to skill development, for instance, demonstrates upward mobility that is driven primarily by personal initiative and accomplishments. Similarly, receiving a promotion after years of work is a direct result of individual effort and merit. Familial connections leading to a job offer also emphasize personal relationships and networks rather than broader structural changes in society. Therefore, option B best exemplifies structural mobility as it represents a systemic shift affecting a larger population rather than individual circumstances.